What are bonds and how do bond funds function?
What are bonds?
If a debtor (e.g. a state or a company) needs money, they can borrow it from a bank – or they can issue a bond. Investors buy this bond and thus ‘lend’ the money to the debtor. The conditions for how this is done are precisely regulated for each bond. This concerns both the duration of the bond and the frequency and amount of interest payments to the creditor.
FAQ
Why are corporate bonds a popular form of investment?
Corporate bonds, in particular ones with (very) good ratings, have always been a popular form of investment. The expected return on the bond depends on the creditworthiness of the issuer, because the weaker the creditworthiness, the higher the yield on the corporate bond. Credit ratings by rating agencies help to measure a company’s creditworthiness, and thus also estimate the risk associated with a bond. For example, a rating of AAA denotes the best creditworthiness.
What makes high yield bonds so special?
High yield bonds are bonds issued by companies with lower credit ratings (BB and lower). These bonds normally offer much higher returns than instruments from issuers with strong ratings. This is exactly what makes them so popular for investments – even though the yield advantage is also accompanied by higher risks.
Why Emerging Market bonds?
Emerging Market bonds are bonds issued by companies from the Emerging Markets. These bonds are issued either in the local currency of the country in question or in EUR or USD. These “hard currency bonds” offer yield advantages compared to government bonds issued by euro area core countries or the USA. Local currency bonds feature additional potential as a result of possible currency appreciation (which can also be a disadvantage in the event that the local currency weakens).
Returns – in a nutshell
The return is the amount earned on an investment, expressed in percent, for a full year and pertains to the capital invested. The return is an important measure for the performance and comparison of capital investments. It can refer to the interest income on a savings account, the current yield on interest-bearing securities, or the dividend payments on equities. The return on an investment expected in the future can deviate from the return that is actually generated.
What is duration?
Duration refers to the average capital commitment period of a bond. It denotes the average period of time it takes for the investor to recover the invested capital. The longer the remaining term of the bond, the longer the duration is. However, the duration is generally shorter than the remaining term, as the coupon payments which fall due on the capital during the term reduce the amortisation period. The higher, earlier and more frequent the coupon payments, the more the duration decreases.
What is modified duration?
Modified duration expresses the percentage change in the value of a bond when the market yield changes. It shows the percentage increase in the bond price if the market yield falls by 1% or the percentage decrease in the price if the market yield rises by 1%. The higher the modified duration, the larger the price loss in the case of rising interest rates and the price increase in the case of falling interest rates.
Bond market outlook
Still positive on corporate and Emerging Market bonds
Although the performance of corporate and Emerging Market bonds (in hard currency) has already been excellent this year, we remain overweight in these segments. While risk premiums have understandably decreased significantly over the year, leading to positive price developments, these bonds still offer a significantly better performance with their current yield spread, even in a sideways market, compared to "risk-free" government bonds.
In an environment of weak but positive economic growth – with no recession expected for 2025 – and declining interest rates, spread products should continue to outperform.
In contrast, we remain underweight in very long-term (German) government bonds. Their yield levels are already very low again and sufficiently account for interest rate cuts, while the high price volatility of these bonds poses an additional risk. Within Eurozone government bonds, we remain overweight in Italian and French government bonds.
Find here more information on current market developments!
As of December 2024
Bond markets in detail
Are the prospects still rosy for corporate bonds?
Over long stretches, 2023 was a more difficult period for bonds than most had expected at the beginning of the year. But thanks to a strong end spurt, bond investors ended up with good returns after all. Euro corporate bonds were more profitable than government bonds from the core Eurozone countries. Will 2024 be a similarly good year?
Bond funds
Bond management is one of Raiffeisen Capital Management's longest established core competencies.
Raiffeisen-ESG-Global-Rent: Invest sustainably across the world
Bond investments have enjoyed modest-to-good value growth since the turn of the year, thanks mainly to a significant renewed rise in interest income. But what might happen over the next twelve months, and what are our predictions for the global bond markets?
The Fund Regulations of Raiffeisen-ESG-Global-Rent have been approved by the FMA. The Raiffeisen-ESG-Global-Rent may invest more than 35% of the fund's volume in securities/money market instruments of the following issuers: United States, Japan, Germany, France, United Kingdom.
The following assessments of capital market prospects are a snapshot and may change at any time without notice or update. They represent a basic orientation framework and do not represent a generally binding view for fund and portfolio management. They also represent neither a binding forecast nor a recommendation for action for investors. The assessments of individual teams or fund managers may deviate significantly from this under certain circumstances. Similarly, the positioning of the investment funds, asset management products and portfolios may differ significantly from the market outlook mentioned on this page, for example due to different investment horizons, strategies and models used or discretionary decisions made by individual fund managers.
As of April 2024